输液接头是临床常用的输液附加装置，包括普通肝素帽和无针输液接头。

普通肝素帽主要由缩紧座和胶片组成，能经受多次输液的反复穿刺而保证不漏液，临床上一般与动静脉留置针配套，可多次、反复穿刺供输液、注射药物用。肝素帽在输液过程中，由于需要用头皮针反复穿刺肝素帽，造成微粒脱落进入血液循环，易带来潜在感染的危险，增加了护理人员职业暴露的风险。

无针输液系统指设计为可以不需针刺而反复向输液管路输送或抽取液体的一类器械，可实现液体的单向或双向流动，液体的双向流动允许使用者加药或回抽液体。无针输液接头是无针输液系统重要的组成部分之一，此类接头取消钢针穿刺橡胶塞的连接方式，将输液器或注射器与留置套管相连接，包括 CVC、PICC和外周静脉导管；将有针注射改为无针注射系统，并且在输液器或注射器断开连接后，仍能保持输液通道的密闭的功能。无针输液接头可以避免使用针头反复穿刺，减少医护人员被刺伤。

2013年，我国卫生行业标准 WS/T433—2013《静脉治疗护理技术操作规范》出台（自2014年5月1日起实施），该标准将无针输液接头纳入操作规范，推动了国内无针输液接头市场的快速发展。在国际方面，2016年美国 INS静脉输液治疗护理实践标准强调了无针输液作为一种安全理念。随着我国居民生活水平的提高，医保工作的不断深入，以及居民安全意识的不断增强，无针输液接头在静脉输液治疗中的使用率逐步提升，由2013年的7.5%提升至2019年的74.63%。

Infusion connectors are commonly used infusion add-on devices in clinical practice, including ordinary heparin caps and needleless infusion connectors.

Ordinary heparin cap is mainly composed of tightening seat and film, can withstand repeated puncture of multiple infusions to ensure no leakage, clinically generally matched with arteriovenous indwelling needles, can be punctured multiple times, repeated punctures for infusion, injection of drugs. During the infusion process, since the heparin cap needs to be repeatedly puncture with a scalp needle, the particles fall off and enter the blood circulation, which is easy to bring the risk of potential infection and increase the risk of occupational exposure of nursing staff.

A needleless infusion system is a type of device designed to repeatedly deliver or draw liquid to an infusion line without needling, enabling one-way or two-way flow of liquid, which allows the user to administer or withdraw liquid. One of the important components of a needleless infusion system is a needleless infusion connector, which eliminates the connection of the steel needle puncture rubber stopper and connects the infusion set or syringe to the indwelling cannula, including CVC, PICC and peripheral intravenous catheters; change the needle injection to a needleless injection system, and maintain the closing function of the infusion channel after the infusion set or syringe is disconnected. Needleless infusion connectors can avoid repeated punctures with needles and reduce stab injuries to healthcare personnel.

In 2013, China's hygiene industry standard WS/T433-2013 "Technical Operation Code for Intravenous Nursing Care" was issued (implemented since May 1, 2014), which included needleless infusion into the operating specifications and promoted the rapid development of the domestic needleless infusion connector market. Internationally, the 2016 U.S. INS Standards of Practice for Intravenous Infusion Nursing emphasized needleless infusion as a safety concept. With the improvement of the living standards of Chinese, the deepening of medical insurance work, and the continuous enhancement of residents' safety awareness, the utilization rate of needleless infusion connectors in intravenous infusion therapy has gradually increased, from 7.5% in 2013 to 74.63% in 2019.